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笔记本之父后悔：1000亿的东西只卖出零头

发布于 2018年7月6日

《日本经济新闻》7月5日报道称，东芝已决定在2018年秋季之前将个人电脑（PC）业务出售给夏普。东芝个人电脑曾是席卷全球的明星业务，如今以区区40亿日元的价格卖掉。约2000名东芝员工将进入到此前重建了夏普的台湾鸿海精密工业旗下，他们心中想必是五味杂陈。仅仅三年时间，双方的地位就发生了逆转。

6月15日，在位于东京的东芝客户解决方案立川事业所，员工们表示“夏普收购的事暂时无可奉告”，说完就急忙离开。这家公司的前身是东芝的个人电脑事业部，是2015年曝出东芝财务丑闻的震源地。今年秋季，约2200名员工将转入夏普。

曾在全球市场上高居榜首

东芝个人电脑事业部的前身是原青梅事业所。1960年代提出个人电脑概念的美国计算机大师艾伦·凯（Alan Kay）曾在1989年到访这里。在他到访的半年之前，东芝发布了全球首款笔记本型个人电脑“dynabook”。1994年至2000年，东芝连续七年在全球笔记本电脑市场上高居榜首。

东芝前社长西田厚聪在这段黄金时期担任个人电脑事业部的部长。一位知情人士称，“如果（西田）知道个人电脑业务只卖40亿日元，恐怕九泉之下难以瞑目”。后来西田担任掌管个人电脑部门的内部公司PC&网络公司的社长，被视为东芝社长候选人之一，但一路向上的职业生涯没能一直持续下去。

2002年美国惠普（HP）合并美国电脑公司康柏。中国大陆和台湾的厂商推动个人电脑的日用品化，产品价格加速下滑。

面对这一大趋势，东芝并非无动于衷。2003年美国IBM曾向东芝洽询过出售个人电脑业务事宜。东芝回复称，“收购额为数百亿日元，我们没有余力购买”（东芝高管）。“IBM都在考虑出售，我们也得想办法了”，以财务部门为中心，东芝内部广泛出现危机意识。

但2005年西田厚聪担任社长后，通过别的方式摆脱了危机。他大幅减少本公司生产，转为通过台湾的电子产品代工服务来生产。东芝成为利用电子产品代工服务的先驱。通过削减生产成本实现了扭亏为盈，被赞誉为“西田魔法”。不过，受东芝冷遇的IBM在2005年将个人电脑业务出售给中国联想集团。全球性的重组改变了东芝的方向。

日本企业当中，2011年NEC实质上把电脑业务出售给了联想。在此前后，联想曾向东芝洽询过收购个人电脑业务。东芝一位高管表示，“如果当时就卖了的话，价格应该不会低于1000亿日元”，但当时西田对此不感兴趣。

东芝前高管透露，“个人电脑从2007年前后起就被财务部门列为‘破坏业务’”。“破坏业务”意思是损毁企业价值的业务。财务部门每年都向经营企划部门指出，“能卖的话务必卖掉”，但“经营企划部门揣度出身于个人电脑部门的西田社长的想法，没有像财务部门那样抱有危机感”。

2015年，个人电脑业务被曝出成为东芝财务丑闻的温床。公司滥用“Buy-Sell交易”，先将零部件卖给代工生产商，然后再作为成品收购回来。最后包括西田在内的三任社长辞职，东芝股价也暴跌。

“有兴趣收购个人电脑业务吗？”据悉东芝方面2017年上半年向夏普洽询出售个人电脑业务。尽管夏普社长戴正吴表示出强烈兴趣，但当时正值夏普准备申请从东证二部回归到一部的关键时期。如果此时进行并购，会引发审查时间延长。

夏普当初考虑出价100亿日元

到了2017年年底，夏普开始着手收购，但去年商谈时的收购金额更高一些。6月5日宣布收购后，戴正吴透露了部分谈判内幕。当初夏普方面似乎也考虑以100亿日元左右的价格收购。

鸿海以代工生产iPhone而闻名，在个人电脑和服务器领域也有很强的存在感。通过为惠普和戴尔等美国企业代工，鸿海拥有了相当水平的生产规模，被认为生产着全球半数以上的服务器。鸿海具有压倒性的零部件采购能力和高效生产能力，对于再次涉足个人电脑业务的夏普来说，这将成为最大的武器。

戴正吴对来自东芝的2200人寄予期待，表示虽然还处在从外部观望的阶段，但人才将全部保留。不过，东芝和夏普在年薪水平上有着相当大的差距。

有声音指出，并入5年前还觉得和自己公司不在一个级别的夏普，会有心理上的影响。立川事业所员工表示，“对于经营判断也只能接受，但从个人角度来讲不喜欢夏普”。

在2013年，夏普的合并亏损超过5000亿日元，由于接连更换领导，迷失了经营方向。这一年的东芝则由田中久雄接替佐佐木则夫担任社长。

一位夏普高管曾因供应个人电脑零部件而与东芝打过交道，他永远忘不了田中久雄对他讲过的话。他说，当时由于模块供应迟缓而被问责，被叫到东芝总公司，一进去就被大骂“你们这些三流供应商”。

东芝立川事业所的员工表示，“关于（在夏普的）年收入，一点消息也没听说。不管是涨是落，都无所谓了”，说完就离开了。

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