为防止提取住房公积金用于炒房投机,近日,广东、内蒙古、广西等省份和一些地级市相继调整公积金提取政策,收紧了异地购房、离婚购房提取公积金等操作,但多地也都强调,支持提取公积金用于购买首套住房或二套改善型住房。
此外,由于房价普遍上涨,多地的公积金贷款上限已经明显偏低,难以满足购房者的资金需求。专家建议,各地应上调公积金贷款额度。
异地购房、离婚购房提取公积金受限
早在今年5月,住建部等4部委就发布了关于开展治理违规提取住房公积金工作的通知,称一些机构和个人通过伪造证明材料、虚构住房消费行为等手段违规提取住房公积金,甚至形成骗提套取住房公积金的“黑色产业链”,扰乱了住房公积金管理秩序,要求从多方面规范改进公积金提取政策。
之后,多地根据上述通知,对住房公积金提取政策进行调整,而重点基本都落在了非户籍地非缴存地购房、多次变更婚姻关系购房等行为上。
7月17日,广东省住建厅、财政厅等部门要求,对于同一人多次变更婚姻关系购房和多人频繁买卖同一套住房等情况,不允许其申请提取住房公积金。
对于异地购房尤其是非户籍地非缴存地购房、非配偶或非直系亲属共同购房等申请提取住房公积金的情况,广东省规定,各地可结合自身实际情况阶段性停止实施该类型提取政策;继续实施该类型提取政策的地方,要严格审核申请提取住房公积金的资格。
杭州住房公积金管理中心要求,职工在非本市及非户籍地购房及偿还住房贷款本息的,不得提取住房公积金。对同一人多次变更婚姻关系购房、多人频繁买卖同一套住房、非配偶或非直系亲属共同购房等申请提取住房公积金的,要严格审核住房消费行为和证明材料的真实性。
内蒙古6月底出台规定,不再支持非缴存地及非户籍地购房提取住房公积金,取消装修住房、购买车库、车位和缴纳购房维修基金、契税、办证费提取使用公积金。
“这是从信贷角度对炒房者的一个封堵,但由于绝大多人的公积金账户没有多少钱,对市场的影响不大。”中原地产首席分析师张大伟对中新经纬客户端(微信公众号:jwview)说。
超8成公积金贷款流向首套房
易居研究院智库中心研究总监严跃进对中新经纬客户端(微信公众号:jwview)表示,住房公积金政策的收紧,在对炒房者适当设限的同时,也让刚需购房者更容易使用公积金。
事实上,多地明确,支持提取住房公积金用于购买首套住房或二套改善型住房,支持提取公积金支付房租。
广东提出,提取政策要向首次置业、购买普通商品住房和在户籍地或缴存地购房等情况倾斜。加大提取住房公积金支付房租政策支持力度。广西表示,优先支持提取住房公积金支付房租,重点支持提取住房公积金在缴存地或户籍地购买首套普通住房和二套改善型住房。
数据也表明,住房公积金贷款主要用于首套房贷款的发放。《全国住房公积金2017年年度报告》显示,2017年全国发放住房公积金个人住房贷款9534.85亿元,其中,首套房贷款占贷款总额的85.63%。
租房方面,上述报告称,2017年,住房租赁提取金额444.76亿元,同比增长22.21%;住房租赁提取人数495.52万人,人均提取金额0.9万元。
由于住房公积金贷款的利率相对较低,自然也成为许多购房者首选的贷款途径。根据前述报告,公积金个人住房贷款利率比同期商业性个人住房贷款基准利率低1.65—2个百分点,2017年发放的住房公积金个人住房贷款,可为贷款职工节约利息支出1944.70亿元,平均每笔贷款可节约利息支出7.63万元。
但严跃进称,由于公积金贷款办理流程慢,可能会增加交易中的不确定性风险,导致房地产开发商对公积金贷款有一定的抵触。
对此,住建部等7部委在北京、上海等30个城市开展的治理房地产市场乱象专项行动中就提出,打击限制阻挠使用公积金的房地产开发企业。
个人贷款上限明显不足
经过本轮房价调整,许多一二线城市住宅售价已经出现明显上涨,对于需要通过住房公积金贷款买房的人来说,公积金的贷款上限已经偏低,难以满足动辄上百万甚至数百万的资金需求。
在北京,使用住房公积金贷款,首套房的最高贷款额度为120万元。以首付最低35%计算,购房者如果只使用公积金贷款,房屋总价最高不能超过184万元。如今,在北京想买到总价款不足200万、且满足一个家庭居住需求的商品住宅,几乎很难做到。
张大伟表示,现在的公积金贷款上限太低,很难满足正常的购房需求,建议各地上调贷款额度。他说:“由于贷款额度偏低等原因,购房者想使用公积金贷款,就需要付出更高的首付,而这将很多低收入群体拒之门外。公积金贷款的低利率,反倒被有钱人享受了,这违背了公积金的互助性。”
面对上限不足,无锡市6月底就发布通知,将提高职工家庭首次使用住房公积金贷款购买自住住房的最高贷款额度,借款人及配偶均符合贷款条件的,最高贷款额度可从现在的60万元调整为80万元。
张大伟称,贷款额度的上调,要把握一个度,太高容易放大风险,可以以城市的保障性住房价格作为参考,“在北京,购买一套共有产权住房大概需要200—250万左右,那北京的公积金贷款上限就应该上调至180万元,保证一个中低收入家庭能够购得一套房子。”
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